Player Skill Rankings


Wide Receivers ranked by Stamina
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
1Herman Tuiasosopo-- WR620WR26B-A-A-B-B-B-C+C+D-D-D-C+A-B+
1John Lawson-- WR698B+WRB+21B+A-C+C+D-B+A-C-B-C+C-D-B-B-B+A-C-A-A+C+
1Tony Howell-- WR6647A-WRA-27A-B+B+D-D-D+D+D-D-B+A+C-B-C+
4Bob Compton-- WR745B-WRB-31C+B+B+D+D-C+B-B+D+D-B-D+A-B-B-B+C-
4Bob Spillers-- WR620WR25C+B+C-C+D-C-B-D-D-C+D+C-D-D+D-B-A-C+B+
4Carl Bonelli-- WR620WR25B+C+B-D+B-B-D+D+D+B-D+B+B-B+
4Chris Johnson-- WR745B-WRB-28A-B-B+B-B-C+C-C+C-C-D-B-B+C+A-B-
4Clifton Friede-- WR385WR22C-B+A-B-B-D+A-B+D+C+C-C-D+D+B+B-B+B+
4Darryl Chilton-- WR837B+WRB+22A+C+B+C-B-B+D+B-D+B-C-B-B+B+A+C+
4Dennis George-- WR620WR24B-A-B+C-B-B+D+B-D+D+C+D+A-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
4Ed Bagarus-- WR460WR21C-B+C-C+C-B-B-B-D+D+C-C-B-A-A-
4Erk Richardson-- WR620B-WRB-24C+C+B+C+C+B-C-C+B-C-D-B-C-D-C-B+D-B-B+D+A+B+A-
4Frank Milburn-- WR620B-WRB-26C-D+B+C+C+D-D+D-D+C-B+C+
4Gene Leonard-- WR745WR26C+B+B-C+D-B+C+D+D-C+D-D-B-D+A-B+A-
4John Humphrey-- WR310GUN21A-B+D-C+D-D+A-C-D+D+D-C-B-B+B-B-A-A-C+
4Leo Jackson-- WR460B-WRB-22C-B+A-D+B-C-C-B-D-C-C+C-A-B-C+
4Mike Hayes-- WR535B-WRB-23D-B+D-C+C-C-C-D+B+D+C-C-C+D-D-C+C+B+
4Paul Johnson-- WR460B-WRB-24C-B+D-B+D+D+B-D+D+C-B+C+B+
4Rick Long-- WR2525B+WRB+28C+B+D+B+C-D+A-B-C-D+D-A-C-B+A-B-B-
4Tag Toomay-- WR620WR24C-B+D+A-C-C-C-C-B-D+C+B+B+B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
4Tommy Shanley-- WR654B+WRB+26B-B+B-D+A-D-B-B+C-D-B-D+D+B-B+B-
4Wayne Nunley-- WR620WR25A-B+A-C+C+B+C-B-D+B-C+D-C+B-B-C+A-A-
23A.D. Utt-- WR620KRB+26A-B-B-A-C-C-C+A-D-C+C-D-D-A-C-A-A-
23Aaron Eck-- WR5597A-WRA-31A+A-B+B-A-A+D+D-C+C+B-A+C-
23Adrian Smith-- WR620B-WRB-25D+B+D+D+C-D-B-D+C-C-D-A+C-
23Antwaan Beasley-- WR385KR22B-C-C+D+D+C+D-C+D+C+D-C+B-B+A+A-B+B-A-
23Ben George-- WR620WR27C+A-C+D+D+B+B-D+D+B-B+B-C+B+B-C+
23Brett Tomaini-- WR535C+KRB-22C+C-D-C-B-B-D+D+D-C+C-B+C-
23Buff Gandee-- WR417WR22C-A-D-D-A-B-B-C-C-C-C-D+C-A-C-B-B+C+B+
23Carl Thornton-- WR745WR32B+C+C+C+D-C+A+D-C-D-D-D-D+C+C+C+B+A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
23Carson Gregory-- WR460WR22B+C+B-C+A-C-B-B-D-B-C-A-A-B-
23Cedric Taylor-- WR460WR24B+B-C-C+D-B-A-D-C-C-D-D+D+B-A-B+B-A-
23Chuck Caldwell-- WR1345B+WRB+28B-B-D+B+A-D+D+C-B+B-
23David Roche-- WR620B-KR23B-B-C-D+C+B+C-C+D+C+C+D-D-A-B-C+
23Del Blue-- WR633WR23A-C-C-C-D+A-B+D-C+B-D+B-B+B-
23Demetrius Heard-- WR1378B+WRB+26A-C-D-B+C-C-B+C-D+A+D+B+B+B-
23Don Wiggins-- WR745B-WRB-28B-B+D+B-B-C-D+C+D-B+D-D-C-B+D+B+
23Fred Secord-- WR385WR21C+B+D+C-B+C-D+D+A-B-B-A+
23Gil Andrusking-- WR620WR28A-B-D+B-B+B-C-C+A-C-B+B+B-
23Jake Ruetz-- WR1625B+WRB+24C+A-D+B+C+D+C+A-D-D+C-C-D+D-D+A-B-B+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
23Jeremy Blair-- WR620WR25C+A+C+B-A+C-C+B+C+D+D+C+B-B-A-C-B-
23Jim Meehan-- WR620B-WRB-25B-B+B-D+D-C+B+C+B+B-
23Jim Schmidt-- WR535WR22C-C-B-D+A-D+D+C-D-C-D-D-B-C+B+
23Joe Brennan-- WR5976A-WRA-28C+A+B+C+D+D+B-C-C-C-B+C-B+A+C-A-C+
23John Simmons-- WR698WR25B-C+D+B-C+B-B+C-C-C-C-C-D+B-C+A-A-B-B+
23Keiron Alexander-- WR845B-WRB-31C+C-B+D+D+B-D+D-C+C+B+C-B-
23Kwame Farris-- WR620WR26D+B+B+B-B-D+D+D-D+C-C-D+D+A-C+C+B+C+
23Larry Mumford-- WR837B+WRB+26B-C+C+C+C-B+D+C+D+D-C-B-B-B+A-B-
23Leon Freitas-- WR766WR30D+D+B+D-C+D+B+A-B+B+B-
23Lyle Palermo-- WR745WR28C-B-A-C-A+C-D+D+C-B-B-C+C+C+B-B-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
23Martin Wilson-- WR5691A-WRA-23A+D-C+C-C-A+D-D+B-D+D-B+B+D+B+
23Mitchell Torkelson-- WR845WR32D+C+B-B-C-C-B-B+D+C-D-D-C-C+B+D+B+B-B+
23Paul Lee-- WR745WR27C+A-B-B+C-C-D-C+A+
23Reggie Graham-- WR745B+WRB+26B-B-B+D+D-C+C-D+B-A+C+B+B+B+
23Richard Harris-- WR460B-WRB-23C+B+D+B-C-D+C-D+D+C+D+C+B-
23Tony Larson-- WR837B+WRB+22C-B-C-B-D+D+B-B+D+C+D+A+C-A-B+
57Anthony Mallard-- WR745B-WRB-31B-B+B-B-A-C-B-C+C-C+B-A-C+B-B-
57Anthony Mawae-- WR789KRB+24B-C-A-B-C-B-C-C+D+D+C+D+B-A-A+A-
57Anthony Smith-- WR460WR22A+B-C-B-B-C-C-D+B+B+
57Bill Fenerty-- WR620WR26B-A-C+B+D+D-B-C-C+D+D+C-D+D-C+A-B-C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
57Bobby Harris-- WR620WR26C-B-B-A-B+C-B-D+C+D-C-A-C-B-B+
57Bookie Hutson-- WR1412B+WRB+25B+B-B-B+A-A-D+A-D-D+D+D+C+A+B+C+
57Cameron Slater-- WR1741B+WRB+28A-B-B-D+C+B+D+B-D+D+C+
57Chris Gorinski-- WR845WR31C+B-B-A-B-B-C+B+B+C-C+D+D-D-D-B+B-A-
57Chris McBride-- WR620WR26C-B-C+D+D+B-C-C+D-D+C+B+C-B+
57Cloyce Dittman-- WR845B-GUNB-31A-B-A-A-C+D-C-C-D+D-D+D+C+B+B+
57Craig Rambo-- WR535WR23C-A-B-C-C-B+B-B+C+C-C+D-C-A-A-B-
57Dan Mahoney-- WR1741B+WRB+25C-B+B-A-C+D+D+C+A+C-C-D+D-C-D-D+C+B+C-B+A+C+B-
57Dave Hubbard-- WR2221B+WRB+27B+B-C+A+D+C-D+D+A-B+B+B-
57David Blanda-- WR845B+WRB+32D+C+B-C-A-A-D+D-C-C-B+C+B+A-A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
57Derrick Miller-- WR845WR33B-C-C+C-D-C+D+B-D-D+C-B-B+A-B+
57Don Williams-- WR1552B+WRB+22B+B-B-B+C-C-C-C-C+D-B+B+C-B+B+
57Doug Kiick-- WR745B-WRB-29D+B-C-D+D+A-B+B-B-C-C-D-D+C-C+D+C+A-
57Frank Kemoeatu-- WR620B-WRB-26D-C+B-B+C-B+D+D+D+D-C-C+D+B+B-
57Fred McGrath-- WR620WR27B-B-C+B-D+B-C+D+C+D+C-B-B+B-B+
57Fred Office-- WR385WR22A+B-B-D+B+D+D-B-D+C-D-B+C+
57Howard Agler-- WR3804B+WRB+22A-B-D-B-B-A-C-D+B-B-D-D-B-A+B-B+
57Jack Thomas-- WR9015A-WRA-21B-B-A-A-A-D-C-C-C-C-D+C-D+C+A+C-B+B-C-A-
57Jake Allen-- WR620B-GUNB-26C-B-C+D+D+D+A-D+D-C+D-B-B+B-B-
57James Karcher-- WR745WR27A+B-B+D-D-B-D+C+C-D+D-B-C+A-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
57John Clarks-- WR1503KRB+24A-B+B-B-B+D+D+C-A+C+B+A-C+
57Justin Mooney-- WR535B-KR24B+B-B-D+C+B-D-D-D-D-D-C+B+A-C-A-
57Keith Apsit-- WR745WR27A-B-D+C+B+D+C+C+D+C-B+A-B-A-B+
57Mark Richard-- WR385WR21C+B+B-A-A-D+D+B-D-C-B-C-D+D-C+A-D+B+C+B+
57Nate Ale-- WR1863B+WRB+28A-B-B+C-B-D+D+C+D+B-D+A-C+B-C+B+C-
57Nick Taylor-- WR535WR22B+B-D+C-C-D+A-D+B-C-D+D+C-A-B-
57Norm Lathrop-- WR2525B+WRB+21A-B-B-C-A-D-C+D-C-D+C+C+B+A-B+A-B-
57Oscar Beasley-- WR1250B+WRB+22B+B-A-C+C-C-D-D-D-C-B-D+C+B+A+B-
57Ray Berzinski-- WR633B+WRB+22D+B-B-C+A+B-C+B+D-C-D-C+C-B+A-B+B-
57Reggie Douglas-- WR745WR29B+B-A-C-D+D+C+B+C-C-C-D+C-B-B-B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
57Shawn Farr-- WR620WR26A+B+B-C-C+D-B+B+C-D+C+D+D+D-A-C+
57Stan Callens-- WR1073B+WRB+26C+A-B-B+A-C-D+D+D+D+B-B+C-C+B+A-A-B+
57Ted Rudolph-- WR620WR24C+A-B-B+B+C+D+C-D+C-C-C+D-B-C-B+C-A-
57Teddy Ribble-- WR620WR27B-D-C-C+D+C-A+B-D-C+C+D+C+A-
57Tom Jeffers-- WR620WR25B+B-A-B-D+D-C+B+D-C-D+C+D+C+B-
57Travis Lewis-- WR620B-KR29C-B-A-D+D+C+B-D+C-D-A-D+B+A+B-
57Walt Jackson-- WR743B+GUNB+21B-B-B-B-B-D-A+C-C-D+C+B-C+A-C+C+B-C+
98Al Sapp-- WR2805B+WRB+23A+C-C+C-C+C-D-D+C-D-D+C+D+A-A+C+B+B+D+B+
98Barry Cannavino-- WR385WR21C+C+C+C+C-B-B-B-C-C-C-B-D+D+C-B+B+A-
98Barry Smith-- WR310B-WRB-20C-C+C+A-D+D-B-B-C-D+C-B+A-C+B+B-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
98Bob Dempsey-- WR535WR26C+C+B-B-C+C-A-D-D+D+C+C-D+B+C+B+A-B+C+
98Bob Sanders-- WR460WR22C-B+C+C+B+C+D+C+A-D-D-C+C-C-C-D+C-B-D+B-A-
98Butch Borden-- WR5410A-WRA-29B+C+C+A+D+B+A-D+C-B-D+C-D-A-B+C-A-B+
98Calvin Kauric-- WR620WR25C-B-C+B-C-D-B+B-D+D+C+D-D+B-B+A-C-B+
98Carl Billock-- WR745WR27C-C+B-B-A-B+D+C+D+D+D+B-B+B-A-B+A-B+
98Chris Pelluer-- WR745WR29C-C+B-C+D+D+B-D-D-D+C-A-B-B+
98Don Bosworth-- WR2805B+WRB+21C+C+B+A-D+B+A-C+C-C+D+D-B-A-B+B-
98Dutch Wall-- WR535WR22D-C+C+C-B-A-D+C+D+D-D+B-B+C-B+B-B+A-
98Earl McQuade-- WR1345B+WRB+25A+C+B+C-B-D+B-A-D-D+D+C+D+B+D+B-B+B+
98Emanuel Goodman-- WR460WR24A+C+B-B+D-D-A-A-D-C+D+C-D-C-B+B-B-B+B-B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
98Eric Poole-- WR1017B+WRB+26A+B+C+B-B-D+C-C-C-C-D-C+B-A-C-A-B+A-
98George Hathcock-- WR620B-WRB-27C+C+B+B-D-C-C+B-C-D+B-A-C+C+A-B+
98Glenn Hester-- WR460B-GUNB-21C-B+C+B-C-C-D-D-A-D-D+C+C-D-C+B+B-B-B-
98J.W. Petitgout-- WR845WR31B-B-C+C+D+C+C-D+B-A-C+D+C+C-B-C+A-B+B+
98James Hudock-- WR745WR27D+C+C+B-C+B-C+C-D+C+C-C+B+A-B-B+
98Jeep Dieter-- WR745WR27B-C+C+B+A-D+D-B-D+D+C-D+B-A+C-A-B+B-B+
98Jim Ratterman-- WR535B-GUN23B-C+A-B+D+D+A-B-D+C+C+B-C+A-C+B+
98Jimmy King-- WR620B-WRB-25B-B+C+C+D+D+C-B-D+B-D+D-C+B+C-C+A-B+C+
98Joe Slutzker-- WR938B+WRB+25B+B-C+D-B+B+D-B-A-B-D+D+D+C-C-B-D+A-A-A-A-
98Leonard Nowak-- WR460B-KRB-23C+C+B+B-D-C-B-C-C-B+B-B-A-B+A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
98Libero Fowler-- WR10507A-WRA-21C-C+C+C-D+A-D+B-A+D+C+C-C-D-D+B-
98Paul Haley-- WR620B-KRBB-27B+C+D+B-C-B-B-B-C+D+C+C+D-B+B-A-B+C+
98Red Morrissey-- WR745B-WRB-29B+C+B+B+C-A-B-D+C-C-B-C+B+B+C+C+
98Russell Tarrant-- WR1313B+WRB+25D-A-C+A-A-C+C+B+C-D+C-D+A-
98Steve Charles-- WR1734B+KRB+26C+A-C+C+A-A-D+D+C-D+D+D-D+B-B-A-C-C+
98Ted Seabaugh-- WR620B-KRB-25B-C+B+B-C-C+C+D+D+D+D+D-B+C-C+C+B-
98Tim Gradishar-- WR845B-WRB-33C-C-C+C+D-B-C-B-D+D-C-D+D+B-B+B+B+
98Tom Swanson-- WR620WR23B-C+C+B-B-D-C+B+D+B-D+D-D+C+B+B-C+B-B-
98Tory Feldhaus-- WR385WR21C+B-C+A-B-D+C+B-D+B-B+C-C+D-D+C+B-B+A-
130Bill Cassady-- WR2126B+WRB+24B+B+C-C-B+D-D+B+D+C+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
130Bourbon Mayhew-- WR845WR31B-C+B-D+D+D-A-B-D-D-C+A-C-B-
130Brian Holt-- WR1159B+WRB+25A-C+B+C-A-C+D-D+C-C-C+D-C-A-A+A-A-
130Bud Perina-- WR633WR20B+C-B-B+B-B-C-C+C+D-D+C+D-C+B+D+A+B+
130Chad Lomasney-- WR460WR23C-C+C+C+D-B-B+D+D+D-D+C+C+A-B-
130Charles Krause-- WR745B-WRB-27A-B-B+C-D-B-C-C-B-C-B-C+D+A-B+
130Charley Wegert-- WR1017B+WRB+23C+D+D+D+B+C-C+D+D-D-B-C+B-B+B+
130Chuck Peters-- WR1130B+WRB+24D+B-D-B-C-B+D+C+C-D-D-B-A+B-A-A+
130Clarence Gallagher-- WR417WR21D-B-C+B+D+D+C+C-D+D-D+C-B+C+A-B+
130D.L. Dishman-- WR964B+WRB+24B-B+C+A+B+D+D-D+D-D-D-D+B-C+A+C+B-
130Dan Carmichael-- WR1625B+WRB+21C+B+B+A-C+D-C+C-C-B-C-D+C+B+C-B-B+B+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
130Greg Perot-- WR745WR30C+B+B+D+B-B-D-D-D+D-D+B-A-
130Jim Suhey-- WR620WR26B-C+A-B-B-B-C-D+C-D+C-B+C-B+C+B+
130Kenny Hansen-- WR2319B+WRB+28D-B-C+B-D-C+D+D-B+B+B-A-B-C-B+
130Larry Pierotti-- WR2035B+WRB+22B-B-C+D+A+B-B-B-B-A-B+C+
130Leonard Hood-- WR745B-WRB-29B-A+C+C-D+C-D+C-C+B+C-A-B+C+
130Marques Rentz-- WR460GUN22C+B-B+D+D-C+C-B-B-D+D-D+D+B-B-A-A-A-B+
130Merv Bergerson-- WR535WR23C+A-B+D+B+C-A-D+D-D+D-D+D+B-C-A-B-B-
130Mike Strong-- WR1446B+WRB+24C+A-D+C+D+B-C-C-D+D-C+A-D+A+
130Mike Wilson-- WR745WR32D-C+C+B-D+D-C+A-D+C+C-D+D-D-B-C-B+B+
130Paul Cameron-- WR1663B+WRB+24A-D+C-B-B+B-B-C-C-D-D+D+C+B+C-A+A+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
130Riddick Sazio-- WR7497A-WRA-21B-C+C-B+B-D+A+D-D+C-C-C+B+A+A-
130Scott Guidry-- WR745B-WRB-27B-C-D-A-B-C-C-C+C-D-D-C-B-B+D+B-B-
153Anthony Guillory-- WR620B-KR25C-C+B-C+D+B-B-C-D+C-D+D+A-C+A-B+C-
153Billy Nash-- WR620WR26C-C+C-D+C-D-C-D+D+C-B+A-B-B-
153Charley Jackson-- WR745B-WRB-30C-A-B+C+C+C+A-C-C-D-D+B-C+D+B-B-C+
153Dean Rorison-- WR620WR27A+C-D+B-D+B+C-C+D+A-C+B-
153Jeff Schwartz-- WR845WR29B-C-D+D-D-D+B-D+D+D-A+C+A-B-
153Jim Scales-- WR845B-WRB-31B-C-B+C+C-C+C-D+C+B-B-D+B+C+B+B-
153Raynoch Andrusyshyn-- WR535WR23A+C+C-C-B-A-D-C+B-C-D+C+B+C+B+A-B-
153Sam Seabron-- WR620B-WRB-26C-C-D+C+C+D-C+B+C-D+B+D+D+B-C+D+B+B+B-C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
161Jack Johnson-- WR845B-WRB-32C-C+D+D-C+B+D+B-A-C+B-B+B-B+
161James Jackson-- WR862B+WRB+24C-D+C+C+A-A-D+C-D-D-C+B-B-A-B+C+
Note: Players with the same Stamina rating are considered equal for ranking purposes.