Player Skill Rankings


Wide Receivers ranked by Hands
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
1Fred Secord-- WR385WR21C+B+D+C-B+C-D+D+A-B-B-A+
1Paul Cameron-- WR1663B+WRB+24A-D+C-B-B+B-B-C-C-D-D+D+C+B+C-A+A+
3Adrian Smith-- WR620B-WRB-25D+B+D+D+C-D-B-D+C-C-D-A+C-
3Anthony Smith-- WR460WR22A+B-C-B-B-C-C-D+B+B+
3Charley Jackson-- WR745B-WRB-30C-A-B+C+C+C+A-C-C-D-D+B-C+D+B-B-C+
3Clarence Gallagher-- WR417WR21D-B-C+B+D+D+C+C-D+D-D+C-B+C+A-B+
3Don Wiggins-- WR745B-WRB-28B-B+D+B-B-C-D+C+D-B+D-D-C-B+D+B+
3Fred Office-- WR385WR22A+B-B-D+B+D+D-B-D+C-D-B+C+
3Keith Apsit-- WR745WR27A-B-D+C+B+D+C+C+D+C-B+A-B-A-B+
3Larry Pierotti-- WR2035B+WRB+22B-B-C+D+A+B-B-B-B-A-B+C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
3Paul Haley-- WR620B-KRBB-27B+C+D+B-C-B-B-B-C+D+C+C+D-B+B-A-B+C+
3Riddick Sazio-- WR7497A-WRA-21B-C+C-B+B-D+A+D-D+C-C-C+B+A+A-
3Russell Tarrant-- WR1313B+WRB+25D-A-C+A-A-C+C+B+C-D+C-D+A-
14Carl Billock-- WR745WR27C-C+B-B-A-B+D+C+D+D+D+B-B+B-A-B+A-B+
14Carson Gregory-- WR460WR22B+C+B-C+A-C-B-B-D-B-C-A-A-B-
14David Blanda-- WR845B+WRB+32D+C+B-C-A-A-D+D-C-C-B+C+B+A-A-
14Derrick Miller-- WR845WR33B-C-C+C-D-C+D+B-D-D+C-B-B+A-B+
14Eric Poole-- WR1017B+WRB+26A+B+C+B-B-D+C-C-C-C-D-C+B-A-C-A-B+A-
14Joe Slutzker-- WR938B+WRB+25B+B-C+D-B+B+D-B-A-B-D+D+D+C-C-B-D+A-A-A-A-
14John Humphrey-- WR310GUN21A-B+D-C+D-D+A-C-D+D+D-C-B-B+B-B-A-A-C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
14Justin Mooney-- WR535B-KR24B+B-B-D+C+B-D-D-D-D-D-C+B+A-C-A-
14Marques Rentz-- WR460GUN22C+B-B+D+D-C+C-B-B-D+D-D+D+B-B-A-A-A-B+
14Norm Lathrop-- WR2525B+WRB+21A-B-B-C-A-D-C+D-C-D+C+C+B+A-B+A-B-
14Wayne Nunley-- WR620WR25A-B+A-C+C+B+C-B-D+B-C+D-C+B-B-C+A-A-
25Bob Dempsey-- WR535WR26C+C+B-B-C+C-A-D-D+D+C+C-D+B+C+B+A-B+C+
25Bobby Harris-- WR620WR26C-B-B-A-B+C-B-D+C+D-C-A-C-B-B+
25Bookie Hutson-- WR1412B+WRB+25B+B-B-B+A-A-D+A-D-D+D+D+C+A+B+C+
25Carl Thornton-- WR745WR32B+C+C+C+D-C+A+D-C-D-D-D-D+C+C+C+B+A-
25Charles Krause-- WR745B-WRB-27A-B-B+C-D-B-C-C-B-C-B-C+D+A-B+
25Charley Wegert-- WR1017B+WRB+23C+D+D+D+B+C-C+D+D-D-B-C+B-B+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
25Dan Carmichael-- WR1625B+WRB+21C+B+B+A-C+D-C+C-C-B-C-D+C+B+C-B-B+B+B+
25Demetrius Heard-- WR1378B+WRB+26A-C-D-B+C-C-B+C-D+A+D+B+B+B-
25Don Bosworth-- WR2805B+WRB+21C+C+B+A-D+B+A-C+C-C+D+D-B-A-B+B-
25Don Williams-- WR1552B+WRB+22B+B-B-B+C-C-C-C-C+D-B+B+C-B+B+
25Dutch Wall-- WR535WR22D-C+C+C-B-A-D+C+D+D-D+B-B+C-B+B-B+A-
25Earl McQuade-- WR1345B+WRB+25A+C+B+C-B-D+B-A-D-D+D+C+D+B+D+B-B+B+
25Erk Richardson-- WR620B-WRB-24C+C+B+C+C+B-C-C+B-C-D-B-C-D-C-B+D-B-B+D+A+B+A-
25George Hathcock-- WR620B-WRB-27C+C+B+B-D-C-C+B-C-D+B-A-C+C+A-B+
25Herman Tuiasosopo-- WR620WR26B-A-A-B-B-B-C+C+D-D-D-C+A-B+
25J.W. Petitgout-- WR845WR31B-B-C+C+D+C+C-D+B-A-C+D+C+C-B-C+A-B+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
25James Jackson-- WR862B+WRB+24C-D+C+C+A-A-D+C-D-D-C+B-B-A-B+C+
25Jim Scales-- WR845B-WRB-31B-C-B+C+C-C+C-D+C+B-B-D+B+C+B+B-
25Jimmy King-- WR620B-WRB-25B-B+C+C+D+D+C-B-D+B-D+D-C+B+C-C+A-B+C+
25Leon Freitas-- WR766WR30D+D+B+D-C+D+B+A-B+B+B-
25Mike Hayes-- WR535B-WRB-23D-B+D-C+C-C-C-D+B+D+C-C-C+D-D-C+C+B+
25Paul Johnson-- WR460B-WRB-24C-B+D-B+D+D+B-D+D+C-B+C+B+
25Ray Berzinski-- WR633B+WRB+22D+B-B-C+A+B-C+B+D-C-D-C+C-B+A-B+B-
25Reggie Graham-- WR745B+WRB+26B-B-B+D+D-C+C-D+B-A+C+B+B+B+
25Stan Callens-- WR1073B+WRB+26C+A-B-B+A-C-D+D+D+D+B-B+C-C+B+A-A-B+
25Tim Gradishar-- WR845B-WRB-33C-C-C+C+D-B-C-B-D+D-C-D+D+B-B+B+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
25Tommy Shanley-- WR654B+WRB+26B-B+B-D+A-D-B-B+C-D-B-D+D+B-B+B-
25Tory Feldhaus-- WR385WR21C+B-C+A-B-D+C+B-D+B-B+C-C+D-D+C+B-B+A-
53A.D. Utt-- WR620KRB+26A-B-B-A-C-C-C+A-D-C+C-D-D-A-C-A-A-
53Anthony Guillory-- WR620B-KR25C-C+B-C+D+B-B-C-D+C-D+D+A-C+A-B+C-
53Anthony Mawae-- WR789KRB+24B-C-A-B-C-B-C-C+D+D+C+D+B-A-A+A-
53Ben George-- WR620WR27C+A-C+D+D+B+B-D+D+B-B+B-C+B+B-C+
53Bill Cassady-- WR2126B+WRB+24B+B+C-C-B+D-D+B+D+C+B+
53Bill Fenerty-- WR620WR26B-A-C+B+D+D-B-C-C+D+D+C-D+D-C+A-B-C+
53Bob Spillers-- WR620WR25C+B+C-C+D-C-B-D-D-C+D+C-D-D+D-B-A-C+B+
53Brian Holt-- WR1159B+WRB+25A-C+B+C-A-C+D-D+C-C-C+D-C-A-A+A-A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
53Bud Perina-- WR633WR20B+C-B-B+B-B-C-C+C+D-D+C+D-C+B+D+A+B+
53Butch Borden-- WR5410A-WRA-29B+C+C+A+D+B+A-D+C-B-D+C-D-A-B+C-A-B+
53Cameron Slater-- WR1741B+WRB+28A-B-B-D+C+B+D+B-D+D+C+
53Chris Gorinski-- WR845WR31C+B-B-A-B-B-C+B+B+C-C+D+D-D-D-B+B-A-
53Chris Johnson-- WR745B-WRB-28A-B-B+B-B-C+C-C+C-C-D-B-B+C+A-B-
53Chris McBride-- WR620WR26C-B-C+D+D+B-C-C+D-D+C+B+C-B+
53Chuck Peters-- WR1130B+WRB+24D+B-D-B-C-B+D+C+C-D-D-B-A+B-A-A+
53Clifton Friede-- WR385WR22C-B+A-B-B-D+A-B+D+C+C-C-D+D+B+B-B+B+
53Cloyce Dittman-- WR845B-GUNB-31A-B-A-A-C+D-C-C-D+D-D+D+C+B+B+
53Craig Rambo-- WR535WR23C-A-B-C-C-B+B-B+C+C-C+D-C-A-A-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
53Darryl Chilton-- WR837B+WRB+22A+C+B+C-B-B+D+B-D+B-C-B-B+B+A+C+
53Del Blue-- WR633WR23A-C-C-C-D+A-B+D-C+B-D+B-B+B-
53Ed Bagarus-- WR460WR21C-B+C-C+C-B-B-B-D+D+C-C-B-A-A-
53Frank Kemoeatu-- WR620B-WRB-26D-C+B-B+C-B+D+D+D+D-C-C+D+B+B-
53Gene Leonard-- WR745WR26C+B+B-C+D-B+C+D+D-C+D-D-B-D+A-B+A-
53Greg Perot-- WR745WR30C+B+B+D+B-B-D-D-D+D-D+B-A-
53Jake Ruetz-- WR1625B+WRB+24C+A-D+B+C+D+C+A-D-D+C-C-D+D-D+A-B-B+B+
53James Hudock-- WR745WR27D+C+C+B-C+B-C+C-D+C+C-C+B+A-B-B+
53Larry Mumford-- WR837B+WRB+26B-C+C+C+C-B+D+C+D+D-C-B-B-B+A-B-
53Leonard Nowak-- WR460B-KRB-23C+C+B+B-D-C-B-C-C-B+B-B-A-B+A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
53Libero Fowler-- WR10507A-WRA-21C-C+C+C-D+A-D+B-A+D+C+C-C-D-D+B-
53Martin Wilson-- WR5691A-WRA-23A+D-C+C-C-A+D-D+B-D+D-B+B+D+B+
53Mike Strong-- WR1446B+WRB+24C+A-D+C+D+B-C-C-D+D-C+A-D+A+
53Mitchell Torkelson-- WR845WR32D+C+B-B-C-C-B-B+D+C-D-D-C-C+B+D+B+B-B+
53Oscar Beasley-- WR1250B+WRB+22B+B-A-C+C-C-D-D-D-C-B-D+C+B+A+B-
53Paul Lee-- WR745WR27C+A-B-B+C-C-D-C+A+
53Raynoch Andrusyshyn-- WR535WR23A+C+C-C-B-A-D-C+B-C-D+C+B+C+B+A-B-
53Tony Larson-- WR837B+WRB+22C-B-C-B-D+D+B-B+D+C+D+A+C-A-B+
89Anthony Mallard-- WR745B-WRB-31B-B+B-B-A-C-B-C+C-C+B-A-C+B-B-
89Antwaan Beasley-- WR385KR22B-C-C+D+D+C+D-C+D+C+D-C+B-B+A+A-B+B-A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
89Barry Smith-- WR310B-WRB-20C-C+C+A-D+D-B-B-C-D+C-B+A-C+B+B-B-
89Billy Nash-- WR620WR26C-C+C-D+C-D-C-D+D+C-B+A-B-B-
89Cedric Taylor-- WR460WR24B+B-C-C+D-B-A-D-C-C-D-D+D+B-A-B+B-A-
89Chad Lomasney-- WR460WR23C-C+C+C+D-B-B+D+D+D-D+C+C+A-B-
89Chris Pelluer-- WR745WR29C-C+B-C+D+D+B-D-D-D+C-A-B-B+
89Dave Hubbard-- WR2221B+WRB+27B+B-C+A+D+C-D+D+A-B+B+B-
89Dennis George-- WR620WR24B-A-B+C-B-B+D+B-D+D+C+D+A-B-
89Emanuel Goodman-- WR460WR24A+C+B-B+D-D-A-A-D-C+D+C-D-C-B+B-B-B+B-B+
89Gil Andrusking-- WR620WR28A-B-D+B-B+B-C-C+A-C-B+B+B-
89Glenn Hester-- WR460B-GUNB-21C-B+C+B-C-C-D-D-A-D-D+C+C-D-C+B+B-B-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
89Howard Agler-- WR3804B+WRB+22A-B-D-B-B-A-C-D+B-B-D-D-B-A+B-B+
89Jack Johnson-- WR845B-WRB-32C-C+D+D-C+B+D+B-A-C+B-B+B-B+
89Jake Allen-- WR620B-GUNB-26C-B-C+D+D+D+A-D+D-C+D-B-B+B-B-
89James Karcher-- WR745WR27A+B-B+D-D-B-D+C+C-D+D-B-C+A-B-
89Jeep Dieter-- WR745WR27B-C+C+B+A-D+D-B-D+D+C-D+B-A+C-A-B+B-B+
89Jeff Schwartz-- WR845WR29B-C-D+D-D-D+B-D+D+D-A+C+A-B-
89John Simmons-- WR698WR25B-C+D+B-C+B-B+C-C-C-C-C-D+B-C+A-A-B-B+
89Leo Jackson-- WR460B-WRB-22C-B+A-D+B-C-C-B-D-C-C+C-A-B-C+
89Lyle Palermo-- WR745WR28C-B-A-C-A+C-D+D+C-B-B-C+C+C+B-B-B-
89Merv Bergerson-- WR535WR23C+A-B+D+B+C-A-D+D-D+D-D+D+B-C-A-B-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
89Nick Taylor-- WR535WR22B+B-D+C-C-D+A-D+B-C-D+D+C-A-B-
89Reggie Douglas-- WR745WR29B+B-A-C-D+D+C+B+C-C-C-D+C-B-B-B+
89Rick Long-- WR2525B+WRB+28C+B+D+B+C-D+A-B-C-D+D-A-C-B+A-B-B-
89Sam Seabron-- WR620B-WRB-26C-C-D+C+C+D-C+B+C-D+B+D+D+B-C+D+B+B+B-C+
89Scott Guidry-- WR745B-WRB-27B-C-D-A-B-C-C-C+C-D-D-C-B-B+D+B-B-
89Tom Jeffers-- WR620WR25B+B-A-B-D+D-C+B+D-C-D+C+D+C+B-
89Tom Swanson-- WR620WR23B-C+C+B-B-D-C+B+D+B-D+D-D+C+B+B-C+B-B-
89Travis Lewis-- WR620B-KR29C-B-A-D+D+C+B-D+C-D-A-D+B+A+B-
89Walt Jackson-- WR743B+GUNB+21B-B-B-B-B-D-A+C-C-D+C+B-C+A-C+C+B-C+
120Buff Gandee-- WR417WR22C-A-D-D-A-B-B-C-C-C-C-D+C-A-C-B-B+C+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
120D.L. Dishman-- WR964B+WRB+24B-B+C+A+B+D+D-D+D-D-D-D+B-C+A+C+B-
120Dan Mahoney-- WR1741B+WRB+25C-B+B-A-C+D+D+C+A+C-C-D+D-C-D-D+C+B+C-B+A+C+B-
120David Roche-- WR620B-KR23B-B-C-D+C+B+C-C+D+C+C+D-D-A-B-C+
120Frank Milburn-- WR620B-WRB-26C-D+B+C+C+D-D+D-D+C-B+C+
120Jim Ratterman-- WR535B-GUN23B-C+A-B+D+D+A-B-D+C+C+B-C+A-C+B+
120Jim Schmidt-- WR535WR22C-C-B-D+A-D+D+C-D-C-D-D-B-C+B+
120Jim Suhey-- WR620WR26B-C+A-B-B-B-C-D+C-D+C-B+C-B+C+B+
120Joe Brennan-- WR5976A-WRA-28C+A+B+C+D+D+B-C-C-C-B+C-B+A+C-A-C+
120John Clarks-- WR1503KRB+24A-B+B-B-B+D+D+C-A+C+B+A-C+
120John Lawson-- WR698B+WRB+21B+A-C+C+D-B+A-C-B-C+C-D-B-B-B+A-C-A-A+C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
120Leonard Hood-- WR745B-WRB-29B-A+C+C-D+C-D+C-C+B+C-A-B+C+
120Mark Richard-- WR385WR21C+B+B-A-A-D+D+B-D-C-B-C-D+D-C+A-D+B+C+B+
120Red Morrissey-- WR745B-WRB-29B+C+B+B+C-A-B-D+C-C-B-C+B+B+C+C+
120Ted Seabaugh-- WR620B-KRB-25B-C+B+B-C-C+C+D+D+D+D+D-B+C-C+C+B-
120Teddy Ribble-- WR620WR27B-D-C-C+D+C-A+B-D-C+C+D+C+A-
120Tony Howell-- WR6647A-WRA-27A-B+B+D-D-D+D+D-D-B+A+C-B-C+
137Barry Cannavino-- WR385WR21C+C+C+C+C-B-B-B-C-C-C-B-D+D+C-B+B+A-
137Bob Sanders-- WR460WR22C-B+C+C+B+C+D+C+A-D-D-C+C-C-C-D+C-B-D+B-A-
137Carl Bonelli-- WR620WR25B+C+B-D+B-B-D+D+D+B-D+B+B-B+
137Chuck Caldwell-- WR1345B+WRB+28B-B-D+B+A-D+D+C-B+B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
137Dean Rorison-- WR620WR27A+C-D+B-D+B+C-C+D+A-C+B-
137Doug Kiick-- WR745B-WRB-29D+B-C-D+D+A-B+B-B-C-C-D-D+C-C+D+C+A-
137Fred McGrath-- WR620WR27B-B-C+B-D+B-C+D+C+D+C-B-B+B-B+
137Jim Meehan-- WR620B-WRB-25B-B+B-D+D-C+B+C+B+B-
137Kwame Farris-- WR620WR26D+B+B+B-B-D+D+D-D+C-C-D+D+A-C+C+B+C+
137Richard Harris-- WR460B-WRB-23C+B+D+B-C-D+C-D+D+C+D+C+B-
137Shawn Farr-- WR620WR26A+B+B-C-C+D-B+B+C-D+C+D+D+D-A-C+
137Tag Toomay-- WR620WR24C-B+D+A-C-C-C-C-B-D+C+B+B+B-
149Aaron Eck-- WR5597A-WRA-31A+A-B+B-A-A+D+D-C+C+B-A+C-
149Bob Compton-- WR745B-WRB-31C+B+B+D+D-C+B-B+D+D-B-D+A-B-B-B+C-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
149Bourbon Mayhew-- WR845WR31B-C+B-D+D+D-A-B-D-D-C+A-C-B-
149Brett Tomaini-- WR535C+KRB-22C+C-D-C-B-B-D+D+D-C+C-B+C-
149Calvin Kauric-- WR620WR25C-B-C+B-C-D-B+B-D+D+C+D-D+B-B+A-C-B+
149Jack Thomas-- WR9015A-WRA-21B-B-A-A-A-D-C-C-C-C-D+C-D+C+A+C-B+B-C-A-
149Jeremy Blair-- WR620WR25C+A+C+B-A+C-C+B+C+D+D+C+B-B-A-C-B-
149Keiron Alexander-- WR845B-WRB-31C+C-B+D+D+B-D+D-C+C+B+C-B-
149Kenny Hansen-- WR2319B+WRB+28D-B-C+B-D-C+D+D-B+B+B-A-B-C-B+
149Nate Ale-- WR1863B+WRB+28A-B-B+C-B-D+D+C+D+B-D+A-C+B-C+B+C-
149Steve Charles-- WR1734B+KRB+26C+A-C+C+A-A-D+D+C-D+D+D-D+B-B-A-C-C+
149Ted Rudolph-- WR620WR24C+A-B-B+B+C+D+C-D+C-C-C+D-B-C-B+C-A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
161Al Sapp-- WR2805B+WRB+23A+C-C+C-C+C-D-D+C-D-D+C+D+A-A+C+B+B+D+B+
162Mike Wilson-- WR745WR32D-C+C+B-D+D-C+A-D+C+C-D+D-D-B-C-B+B+
Note: Players with the same Hands rating are considered equal for ranking purposes.