Player Skill Rankings


Wide Receivers ranked by Execution
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
1Butch Borden-- WR5410A-WRA-29B+C+C+A+D+B+A-D+C-B-D+C-D-A-B+C-A-B+
1D.L. Dishman-- WR964B+WRB+24B-B+C+A+B+D+D-D+D-D-D-D+B-C+A+C+B-
3Ben George-- WR620WR27C+A-C+D+D+B+B-D+D+B-B+B-C+B+B-C+
3Brian Holt-- WR1159B+WRB+25A-C+B+C-A-C+D-D+C-C-C+D-C-A-A+A-A-
3Calvin Kauric-- WR620WR25C-B-C+B-C-D-B+B-D+D+C+D-D+B-B+A-C-B+
3Charley Wegert-- WR1017B+WRB+23C+D+D+D+B+C-C+D+D-D-B-C+B-B+B+
3Fred McGrath-- WR620WR27B-B-C+B-D+B-C+D+C+D+C-B-B+B-B+
3Jim Suhey-- WR620WR26B-C+A-B-B-B-C-D+C-D+C-B+C-B+C+B+
3Leon Freitas-- WR766WR30D+D+B+D-C+D+B+A-B+B+B-
10Anthony Mawae-- WR789KRB+24B-C-A-B-C-B-C-C+D+D+C+D+B-A-A+A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
10Bookie Hutson-- WR1412B+WRB+25B+B-B-B+A-A-D+A-D-D+D+D+C+A+B+C+
10Don Bosworth-- WR2805B+WRB+21C+C+B+A-D+B+A-C+C-C+D+D-B-A-B+B-
10Jack Thomas-- WR9015A-WRA-21B-B-A-A-A-D-C-C-C-C-D+C-D+C+A+C-B+B-C-A-
10James Jackson-- WR862B+WRB+24C-D+C+C+A-A-D+C-D-D-C+B-B-A-B+C+
10Jeep Dieter-- WR745WR27B-C+C+B+A-D+D-B-D+D+C-D+B-A+C-A-B+B-B+
10Libero Fowler-- WR10507A-WRA-21C-C+C+C-D+A-D+B-A+D+C+C-C-D-D+B-
10Lyle Palermo-- WR745WR28C-B-A-C-A+C-D+D+C-B-B-C+C+C+B-B-B-
10Norm Lathrop-- WR2525B+WRB+21A-B-B-C-A-D-C+D-C-D+C+C+B+A-B+A-B-
10Stan Callens-- WR1073B+WRB+26C+A-B-B+A-C-D+D+D+D+B-B+C-C+B+A-A-B+
10Steve Charles-- WR1734B+KRB+26C+A-C+C+A-A-D+D+C-D+D+D-D+B-B-A-C-C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
10Tommy Shanley-- WR654B+WRB+26B-B+B-D+A-D-B-B+C-D-B-D+D+B-B+B-
10Wayne Nunley-- WR620WR25A-B+A-C+C+B+C-B-D+B-C+D-C+B-B-C+A-A-
23Bill Fenerty-- WR620WR26B-A-C+B+D+D-B-C-C+D+D+C-D+D-C+A-B-C+
23Bob Sanders-- WR460WR22C-B+C+C+B+C+D+C+A-D-D-C+C-C-C-D+C-B-D+B-A-
23Bobby Harris-- WR620WR26C-B-B-A-B+C-B-D+C+D-C-A-C-B-B+
23Bud Perina-- WR633WR20B+C-B-B+B-B-C-C+C+D-D+C+D-C+B+D+A+B+
23Dennis George-- WR620WR24B-A-B+C-B-B+D+B-D+D+C+D+A-B-
23Don Williams-- WR1552B+WRB+22B+B-B-B+C-C-C-C-C+D-B+B+C-B+B+
23Fred Secord-- WR385WR21C+B+D+C-B+C-D+D+A-B-B-A+
23Jake Ruetz-- WR1625B+WRB+24C+A-D+B+C+D+C+A-D-D+C-C-D+D-D+A-B-B+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
23Joe Slutzker-- WR938B+WRB+25B+B-C+D-B+B+D-B-A-B-D+D+D+C-C-B-D+A-A-A-A-
23John Clarks-- WR1503KRB+24A-B+B-B-B+D+D+C-A+C+B+A-C+
23Keiron Alexander-- WR845B-WRB-31C+C-B+D+D+B-D+D-C+C+B+C-B-
23Keith Apsit-- WR745WR27A-B-D+C+B+D+C+C+D+C-B+A-B-A-B+
23Merv Bergerson-- WR535WR23C+A-B+D+B+C-A-D+D-D+D-D+D+B-C-A-B-B-
23Red Morrissey-- WR745B-WRB-29B+C+B+B+C-A-B-D+C-C-B-C+B+B+C+C+
23Richard Harris-- WR460B-WRB-23C+B+D+B-C-D+C-D+D+C+D+C+B-
23Rick Long-- WR2525B+WRB+28C+B+D+B+C-D+A-B-C-D+D-A-C-B+A-B-B-
23Ted Rudolph-- WR620WR24C+A-B-B+B+C+D+C-D+C-C-C+D-B-C-B+C-A-
23Tony Howell-- WR6647A-WRA-27A-B+B+D-D-D+D+D-D-B+A+C-B-C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
41Anthony Mallard-- WR745B-WRB-31B-B+B-B-A-C-B-C+C-C+B-A-C+B-B-
41Barry Smith-- WR310B-WRB-20C-C+C+A-D+D-B-B-C-D+C-B+A-C+B+B-B-
41Billy Nash-- WR620WR26C-C+C-D+C-D-C-D+D+C-B+A-B-B-
41Bob Spillers-- WR620WR25C+B+C-C+D-C-B-D-D-C+D+C-D-D+D-B-A-C+B+
41Cameron Slater-- WR1741B+WRB+28A-B-B-D+C+B+D+B-D+D+C+
41Chris McBride-- WR620WR26C-B-C+D+D+B-C-C+D-D+C+B+C-B+
41Chris Pelluer-- WR745WR29C-C+B-C+D+D+B-D-D-D+C-A-B-B+
41Chuck Caldwell-- WR1345B+WRB+28B-B-D+B+A-D+D+C-B+B-
41Clarence Gallagher-- WR417WR21D-B-C+B+D+D+C+C-D+D-D+C-B+C+A-B+
41Darryl Chilton-- WR837B+WRB+22A+C+B+C-B-B+D+B-D+B-C-B-B+B+A+C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
41Dave Hubbard-- WR2221B+WRB+27B+B-C+A+D+C-D+D+A-B+B+B-
41David Blanda-- WR845B+WRB+32D+C+B-C-A-A-D+D-C-C-B+C+B+A-A-
41Demetrius Heard-- WR1378B+WRB+26A-C-D-B+C-C-B+C-D+A+D+B+B+B-
41Emanuel Goodman-- WR460WR24A+C+B-B+D-D-A-A-D-C+D+C-D-C-B+B-B-B+B-B+
41Frank Kemoeatu-- WR620B-WRB-26D-C+B-B+C-B+D+D+D+D-C-C+D+B+B-
41Greg Perot-- WR745WR30C+B+B+D+B-B-D-D-D+D-D+B-A-
41James Karcher-- WR745WR27A+B-B+D-D-B-D+C+C-D+D-B-C+A-B-
41Jeff Schwartz-- WR845WR29B-C-D+D-D-D+B-D+D+D-A+C+A-B-
41Jim Meehan-- WR620B-WRB-25B-B+B-D+D-C+B+C+B+B-
41Jim Schmidt-- WR535WR22C-C-B-D+A-D+D+C-D-C-D-D-B-C+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
41Kenny Hansen-- WR2319B+WRB+28D-B-C+B-D-C+D+D-B+B+B-A-B-C-B+
41Larry Pierotti-- WR2035B+WRB+22B-B-C+D+A+B-B-B-B-A-B+C+
41Oscar Beasley-- WR1250B+WRB+22B+B-A-C+C-C-D-D-D-C-B-D+C+B+A+B-
41Russell Tarrant-- WR1313B+WRB+25D-A-C+A-A-C+C+B+C-D+C-D+A-
41Tag Toomay-- WR620WR24C-B+D+A-C-C-C-C-B-D+C+B+B+B-
41Travis Lewis-- WR620B-KR29C-B-A-D+D+C+B-D+C-D-A-D+B+A+B-
67Aaron Eck-- WR5597A-WRA-31A+A-B+B-A-A+D+D-C+C+B-A+C-
67Bob Dempsey-- WR535WR26C+C+B-B-C+C-A-D-D+D+C+C-D+B+C+B+A-B+C+
67Carl Billock-- WR745WR27C-C+B-B-A-B+D+C+D+D+D+B-B+B-A-B+A-B+
67Carl Bonelli-- WR620WR25B+C+B-D+B-B-D+D+D+B-D+B+B-B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
67Carson Gregory-- WR460WR22B+C+B-C+A-C-B-B-D-B-C-A-A-B-
67Chris Gorinski-- WR845WR31C+B-B-A-B-B-C+B+B+C-C+D+D-D-D-B+B-A-
67Chris Johnson-- WR745B-WRB-28A-B-B+B-B-C+C-C+C-C-D-B-B+C+A-B-
67Clifton Friede-- WR385WR22C-B+A-B-B-D+A-B+D+C+C-C-D+D+B+B-B+B+
67David Roche-- WR620B-KR23B-B-C-D+C+B+C-C+D+C+C+D-D-A-B-C+
67Dean Rorison-- WR620WR27A+C-D+B-D+B+C-C+D+A-C+B-
67Don Wiggins-- WR745B-WRB-28B-B+D+B-B-C-D+C+D-B+D-D-C-B+D+B+
67Earl McQuade-- WR1345B+WRB+25A+C+B+C-B-D+B-A-D-D+D+C+D+B+D+B-B+B+
67Eric Poole-- WR1017B+WRB+26A+B+C+B-B-D+C-C-C-C-D-C+B-A-C-A-B+A-
67Erk Richardson-- WR620B-WRB-24C+C+B+C+C+B-C-C+B-C-D-B-C-D-C-B+D-B-B+D+A+B+A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
67Fred Office-- WR385WR22A+B-B-D+B+D+D-B-D+C-D-B+C+
67George Hathcock-- WR620B-WRB-27C+C+B+B-D-C-C+B-C-D+B-A-C+C+A-B+
67Gil Andrusking-- WR620WR28A-B-D+B-B+B-C-C+A-C-B+B+B-
67Herman Tuiasosopo-- WR620WR26B-A-A-B-B-B-C+C+D-D-D-C+A-B+
67James Hudock-- WR745WR27D+C+C+B-C+B-C+C-D+C+C-C+B+A-B-B+
67Kwame Farris-- WR620WR26D+B+B+B-B-D+D+D-D+C-C-D+D+A-C+C+B+C+
67Nate Ale-- WR1863B+WRB+28A-B-B+C-B-D+D+C+D+B-D+A-C+B-C+B+C-
67Paul Haley-- WR620B-KRBB-27B+C+D+B-C-B-B-B-C+D+C+C+D-B+B-A-B+C+
67Ray Berzinski-- WR633B+WRB+22D+B-B-C+A+B-C+B+D-C-D-C+C-B+A-B+B-
67Riddick Sazio-- WR7497A-WRA-21B-C+C-B+B-D+A+D-D+C-C-C+B+A+A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
67Scott Guidry-- WR745B-WRB-27B-C-D-A-B-C-C-C+C-D-D-C-B-B+D+B-B-
67Tom Swanson-- WR620WR23B-C+C+B-B-D-C+B+D+B-D+D-D+C+B+B-C+B-B-
67Tony Larson-- WR837B+WRB+22C-B-C-B-D+D+B-B+D+C+D+A+C-A-B+
67Walt Jackson-- WR743B+GUNB+21B-B-B-B-B-D-A+C-C-D+C+B-C+A-C+C+B-C+
95Anthony Guillory-- WR620B-KR25C-C+B-C+D+B-B-C-D+C-D+D+A-C+A-B+C-
95Barry Cannavino-- WR385WR21C+C+C+C+C-B-B-B-C-C-C-B-D+D+C-B+B+A-
95Carl Thornton-- WR745WR32B+C+C+C+D-C+A+D-C-D-D-D-D+C+C+C+B+A-
95Chad Lomasney-- WR460WR23C-C+C+C+D-B-B+D+D+D-D+C+C+A-B-
95Charley Jackson-- WR745B-WRB-30C-A-B+C+C+C+A-C-C-D-D+B-C+D+B-B-C+
95Cloyce Dittman-- WR845B-GUNB-31A-B-A-A-C+D-C-C-D+D-D+D+C+B+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
95Dan Carmichael-- WR1625B+WRB+21C+B+B+A-C+D-C+C-C-B-C-D+C+B+C-B-B+B+B+
95Derrick Miller-- WR845WR33B-C-C+C-D-C+D+B-D-D+C-B-B+A-B+
95Dutch Wall-- WR535WR22D-C+C+C-B-A-D+C+D+D-D+B-B+C-B+B-B+A-
95Gene Leonard-- WR745WR26C+B+B-C+D-B+C+D+D-C+D-D-B-D+A-B+A-
95J.W. Petitgout-- WR845WR31B-B-C+C+D+C+C-D+B-A-C+D+C+C-B-C+A-B+B+
95Jeremy Blair-- WR620WR25C+A+C+B-A+C-C+B+C+D+D+C+B-B-A-C-B-
95Jim Scales-- WR845B-WRB-31B-C-B+C+C-C+C-D+C+B-B-D+B+C+B+B-
95Jimmy King-- WR620B-WRB-25B-B+C+C+D+D+C-B-D+B-D+D-C+B+C-C+A-B+C+
95Joe Brennan-- WR5976A-WRA-28C+A+B+C+D+D+B-C-C-C-B+C-B+A+C-A-C+
95Larry Mumford-- WR837B+WRB+26B-C+C+C+C-B+D+C+D+D-C-B-B-B+A-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
95Leonard Hood-- WR745B-WRB-29B-A+C+C-D+C-D+C-C+B+C-A-B+C+
95Martin Wilson-- WR5691A-WRA-23A+D-C+C-C-A+D-D+B-D+D-B+B+D+B+
95Mike Strong-- WR1446B+WRB+24C+A-D+C+D+B-C-C-D+D-C+A-D+A+
95Sam Seabron-- WR620B-WRB-26C-C-D+C+C+D-C+B+C-D+B+D+D+B-C+D+B+B+B-C+
115Al Sapp-- WR2805B+WRB+23A+C-C+C-C+C-D-D+C-D-D+C+D+A-A+C+B+B+D+B+
115Dan Mahoney-- WR1741B+WRB+25C-B+B-A-C+D+D+C+A+C-C-D+D-C-D-D+C+B+C-B+A+C+B-
115Frank Milburn-- WR620B-WRB-26C-D+B+C+C+D-D+D-D+C-B+C+
115Howard Agler-- WR3804B+WRB+22A-B-D-B-B-A-C-D+B-B-D-D-B-A+B-B+
115Jake Allen-- WR620B-GUNB-26C-B-C+D+D+D+A-D+D-C+D-B-B+B-B-
115Jim Ratterman-- WR535B-GUN23B-C+A-B+D+D+A-B-D+C+C+B-C+A-C+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
115John Humphrey-- WR310GUN21A-B+D-C+D-D+A-C-D+D+D-C-B-B+B-B-A-A-C+
115John Simmons-- WR698WR25B-C+D+B-C+B-B+C-C-C-C-C-D+B-C+A-A-B-B+
115Justin Mooney-- WR535B-KR24B+B-B-D+C+B-D-D-D-D-D-C+B+A-C-A-
115Leo Jackson-- WR460B-WRB-22C-B+A-D+B-C-C-B-D-C-C+C-A-B-C+
115Leonard Nowak-- WR460B-KRB-23C+C+B+B-D-C-B-C-C-B+B-B-A-B+A-
115Mitchell Torkelson-- WR845WR32D+C+B-B-C-C-B-B+D+C-D-D-C-C+B+D+B+B-B+
115Paul Johnson-- WR460B-WRB-24C-B+D-B+D+D+B-D+D+C-B+C+B+
115Paul Lee-- WR745WR27C+A-B-B+C-C-D-C+A+
115Raynoch Andrusyshyn-- WR535WR23A+C+C-C-B-A-D-C+B-C-D+C+B+C+B+A-B-
115Reggie Graham-- WR745B+WRB+26B-B-B+D+D-C+C-D+B-A+C+B+B+B+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
115Ted Seabaugh-- WR620B-KRB-25B-C+B+B-C-C+C+D+D+D+D+D-B+C-C+C+B-
115Tim Gradishar-- WR845B-WRB-33C-C-C+C+D-B-C-B-D+D-C-D+D+B-B+B+B+
115Tory Feldhaus-- WR385WR21C+B-C+A-B-D+C+B-D+B-B+C-C+D-D+C+B-B+A-
134A.D. Utt-- WR620KRB+26A-B-B-A-C-C-C+A-D-C+C-D-D-A-C-A-A-
134Anthony Smith-- WR460WR22A+B-C-B-B-C-C-D+B+B+
134Bill Cassady-- WR2126B+WRB+24B+B+C-C-B+D-D+B+D+C+B+
134Brett Tomaini-- WR535C+KRB-22C+C-D-C-B-B-D+D+D-C+C-B+C-
134Cedric Taylor-- WR460WR24B+B-C-C+D-B-A-D-C-C-D-D+D+B-A-B+B-A-
134Chuck Peters-- WR1130B+WRB+24D+B-D-B-C-B+D+C+C-D-D-B-A+B-A-A+
134Craig Rambo-- WR535WR23C-A-B-C-C-B+B-B+C+C-C+D-C-A-A-B-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
134Del Blue-- WR633WR23A-C-C-C-D+A-B+D-C+B-D+B-B+B-
134Ed Bagarus-- WR460WR21C-B+C-C+C-B-B-B-D+D+C-C-B-A-A-
134Glenn Hester-- WR460B-GUNB-21C-B+C+B-C-C-D-D-A-D-D+C+C-D-C+B+B-B-B-
134Mike Hayes-- WR535B-WRB-23D-B+D-C+C-C-C-D+B+D+C-C-C+D-D-C+C+B+
134Nick Taylor-- WR535WR22B+B-D+C-C-D+A-D+B-C-D+D+C-A-B-
134Paul Cameron-- WR1663B+WRB+24A-D+C-B-B+B-B-C-C-D-D+D+C+B+C-A+A+
134Shawn Farr-- WR620WR26A+B+B-C-C+D-B+B+C-D+C+D+D+D-A-C+
134Teddy Ribble-- WR620WR27B-D-C-C+D+C-A+B-D-C+C+D+C+A-
149Adrian Smith-- WR620B-WRB-25D+B+D+D+C-D-B-D+C-C-D-A+C-
149Antwaan Beasley-- WR385KR22B-C-C+D+D+C+D-C+D+C+D-C+B-B+A+A-B+B-A-
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
149Bourbon Mayhew-- WR845WR31B-C+B-D+D+D-A-B-D-D-C+A-C-B-
149Doug Kiick-- WR745B-WRB-29D+B-C-D+D+A-B+B-B-C-C-D-D+C-C+D+C+A-
149Mark Richard-- WR385WR21C+B+B-A-A-D+D+B-D-C-B-C-D+D-C+A-D+B+C+B+
149Marques Rentz-- WR460GUN22C+B-B+D+D-C+C-B-B-D+D-D+D+B-B-A-A-A-B+
149Mike Wilson-- WR745WR32D-C+C+B-D+D-C+A-D+C+C-D+D-D-B-C-B+B+
149Reggie Douglas-- WR745WR29B+B-A-C-D+D+C+B+C-C-C-D+C-B-B-B+
149Tom Jeffers-- WR620WR25B+B-A-B-D+D-C+B+D-C-D+C+D+C+B-
158Buff Gandee-- WR417WR22C-A-D-D-A-B-B-C-C-C-C-D+C-A-C-B-B+C+B+
158Charles Krause-- WR745B-WRB-27A-B-B+C-D-B-C-C-B-C-B-C+D+A-B+
158John Lawson-- WR698B+WRB+21B+A-C+C+D-B+A-C-B-C+C-D-B-B-B+A-C-A-A+C+
Rank Name Team Pos Sal Ovr BRole BOvr Age Pot Hlth Sta Att Agr Exe ThrP ThrA Crry Ctch PBlk RBlk PCov RCov Tkl Purs KP KA KR Spd Str Jmp Agl Hnd BrkT
161Bob Compton-- WR745B-WRB-31C+B+B+D+D-C+B-B+D+D-B-D+A-B-B-B+C-
161Jack Johnson-- WR845B-WRB-32C-C+D+D-C+B+D+B-A-C+B-B+B-B+
Note: Players with the same Execution rating are considered equal for ranking purposes.